منابع مشابه
Textbook germinal centers?
Models for the development and function of germinal centers (GCs) have been so widely discussed in the original literature that they now appear in immunology textbooks. Unfortunately, many of the tenets of these models have not yet been subjected to adequate experimental scrutiny. Indeed, recent studies have called several of their principal assumptions into question. In addition, the term germ...
متن کاملGerminal Centers without T Cells
Germinal centers are critical for affinity maturation of antibody (Ab) responses. This process allows the production of high-efficiency neutralizing Ab that protects against virus infection and bacterial exotoxins. In germinal centers, responding B cells selectively mutate the genes that encode their receptors for antigen. This process can change Ab affinity and specificity. The mutated cells t...
متن کاملGerminal centers regulate human Th2 development.
In the present study we demonstrate that all CD4(+) T cells in human tonsil expressing the Th2-selective receptor chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) also 1) express high levels of CXCR5, and 2) display a transitional CD45RA/RO phenotype and consistently do not produce significant amounts of cytokines when immediately analyzed ex vivo. Hence, they represe...
متن کاملDoes Recycling in Germinal Centers Exist?
A general criterion is formulated in order to decide if recycling of B-cells exists in GC reactions. The criterion is independent of the selection and affinity maturation process and based solely on total centroblast population arguments. An experimental test is proposed to verify whether the criterion is fulfilled.
متن کاملTargeting autoreactive germinal centers to curb autoimmunity
Autoimmune diseases have been on the rise in the past decades, particularly in Western societies [1]. Today, autoimmune disorders rank third on the list of most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Many autoimmune conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are characterized by the presence of affinity-matured, class-switche...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Immunological Reviews
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0105-2896
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01125.x